Enzian E-4
Although the Walther power plant was originally
intended for the Enzian and was used in the test flights, it was entirely unsatisfactory
and replaced by the Conrad motor.
The bifuel liquid rocket motor uses Salbei (92% HNO3+8%
H2SO4) and Visol, the ration of weights being 1.4 to 1. The total
quantity of fuel, 550 kg, is exhausted in 72 seconds during which time the thrust is reduced
from its initial 2,000 to 1,000 kg at end of burning. As pressure reduction between the air
bottle and liquid tanks is through a simple orifice plate, the progressive reduction in the
combustion chamber operating pressure is the direct result of the air bottle's gradual
exhaustion. Equal pressure is applied to both liquids and metering is effected by the
resistance of the connecting pipes and not that of the nozzles. The total impulse
(108,000-110,000 kg/sec) corresponds to a mean S.I. of 199; however, Wurster states that
the mean propellant consumption 5.5 gm/kg sec rises to 5.6 at start and end of burning
operation and the S.I. is of consequence approximately 182.
Although the mixture, Salbei and Visol, is spontaneously inflammable, the
Enzian motor used an electrically ignited powder starter in the combustion chamber to effect
ignition. This system had the advantages of smoother ignition and less risk of explosion than
spontaneous combustion. A further precaution against explosion was taken by starting the
salbei feed first by shortening its supply pipes and setting its bursting disks at slightly
lower pressure than those of the Visol system.
The propulsion unit's arrangement, dictated by C.G. considerations, as
follows: (1) air bottle; (2) visol tank; (3) salbei tank; (4) combustion chamber. The air
flask was originally inflated to a pressure of 200 atmospheres.
The liquids are retained in their tanks by means of bursting disks selected
to rupture at 15 atmospheres at entry and 36 atmospheres at exit. All tanks are made of mil
steel 2mm thick and no corrosion treatment, enamel, or protective coating was employed as the
only General Staff requirement was that the containers should withstand 6 months storage after
being filled with salbei and fuel.
The weights of component parts of the motor as follows:
Combustion Chamber: 24 kg.
Air Bottle: 19 kg.
Spherical Tank (Visol): 30 kg.
Spherical Tank (Salbei): 24 kg.; 97 kg.
Fuel Weight: 550 kg.
Relative to use of the air pressure fuel feed system versus a turbine-pump system, Wurster states that according to German figures the former is lighter up to impulses of 200,000 kg/secs and has the additional important advantage of requiring no time for running up to speed. He cited the Me 163 which requires 4-5 seconds to run the turbine up to it's operational speed of 30,000 pointing out that such delay is prohibitive for a flak rocket.
Combustion Chamber: 24 kg.
Air Bottle: 19 kg.
Spherical Tank (Visol): 30 kg.
Spherical Tank (Salbei): 24 kg.; 97 kg.
Fuel Weight: 550 kg.
550 Effective S.I. Fuel and Motor=199x647=170
Relative to use of the air pressure fuel feed system versus a turbine-pump system, Wurster states that according to German figures the former is lighter up to impulses of 200,000 kg/secs and has the additional important advantage of requiring no time for running up to speed. He cited the Me 163 which requires 4-5 seconds to run the turbine up to it's operational speed of 30,000 pointing out that such delay is prohibitive for a flak rocket.